ELEVATIONS DESIGNS By Mr. Siva Subbiah

Fig 1 : Kerala architecture type individual villa

Fig 2 : Indian latest trend individual villa

Fig 3: Individual villa suitable for panchayat approval

Fig 4 : G + 2 rental type homes

Fig 5 : Individual small size villa front elevation

 

REBAR NOTES TO SITE ENGINEERS

Following are the general points to remember for civil site engineers to make the construction work easier while monitoring quality of construction related to reinforcement work,

• Lapping is allowed for the bars having diameters more than 36 mm.
• Chair rod maximum spacing is 1.00m (or) 1 no per 1m2
• For dowels rod minimum of 12mm diameter should be used.
• Chairs minimum of 12mm diameter should be used. 
• Longitudinal reinforcement not less than 0.8% and more than 6% of Cross C/S 
• Minimum bars for square column is 4 no’s and 6 no’s for circular column. 
• Main bars in the slab shall not be less than 8mm (HYSD) or 10mm (main bars) and the distributors not less than 8mm and note more than 1/8 of slab thickness.

• Minimum thickness of slab is 125mm ()

• Dimension tolerance for cubes + 2 mm

• Free fall of concrete is allowed maximum to 1.50m.

• Lap slices not be used for bar larger than 36mm.

• Water absorption of bricks should not be more than 15%

• PH value of the water should not be less than 6

• Compressive strength of bricks is 3.5 N/mm2

• In steel reinforcement binding wire required is 8 kg per MT

 

PROJECT METHODOLOGY

PROJECT METHODOLOGY

 what is project? What are its scope? What is the role & responsibility  for successful completion of a project ? Let me discuss in detail in a flow of methodology.

1. ESTIMATION (Quantity Survey) 

When a project is approved by a client for direct execution or any opening of a tender, estimation & quantity survey is the first procedure to calculate the boq, scope, spec, budget, material, margin, brand & other resources. The Estimation finalize the cost of a project. For good estimation to avoid the loss of cost after completion of a project, following methodology should be considered during estimation,

1. 5% to 10% qty should be considered extra along with actual. Example if total concrete qty is 100 cum + 10% = 110 cum should be finalized. During execution it is best to control it within actual qty.
2. 10% to 20% of rate should considered with present market material rate based on the completion of schedule. Example if the present cement bag rate is Rs. 400 + 20% = Rs. 480. Based on the past market study & experienced professionals it can be fixed.
3. Over head costs like temporary site office building cost, fuel cost, transportation cost, site engineers or project employees salary should considered which is excluding the margin value.
4. While preparing the estimation it is good to divide the estimation value stage wise for better budgeting of project.

Estimation is the base line for a project for fixing  the budget, spec, quality, stages of payment. It is best to do the estimation with a micro level stages. It is time consuming & little tedious, but it much helpful to calculate even a rate of small nail to forecast the project budgeting immediate during execution of any stages.

2. SCHEDULING

A Project without schedule is like a ship sailing without knowing its direction and destination. Scheduling of a project with start & end date of activities with its predecessors helps to plan the required resources, budget cash flow for the project, organization budgeting.

There are many scheduling software Primavera, MS Project available for advanced way of planning & scheduling the activity. But a good, systematic scheduling can be done by using MS Excel in a simple way as follows.

 

In the above image, a scheduling contains the description of works or work break down structure (WBS) , no of days for completion of an activity, start date & end date, in gantt chart view all the columns shows the calendar with month. In the graphical view of gantt chart , black color shows the planned schedule, green color shows the actual executed schedule, while vertical ash color shows the non-working days or Sunday’s. 

[ For format of scheduling to receive the soft copy of it, please feel free to email to subbiahinfrastructure@gmail.com ]

For better understanding about bar chart scheduling system one more illustration given above with few more details. As it is black horizontal line shows the planned schedule, green line shows the actual schedule, red line shows the no progress, while yellow line shows the delay or advance of completion of activity. Based on our idea & creativity, schedule reporting can be done any of our style.

3. PROCUREMENT  SCHEDULE

Other than the execution schedule, procurement schedule helps to remind to purchase the required resources on time as per the activity schedule, since material plays the major role for completion of project on time.

A procurement schedule can be made as follows

 

Based on the above fig for procurement bar chart, example shown for aggregates with activity qty wise & stage wise with delivery date of material 7 days before of the activity start date. It can be altered in any manner based on the planning engineer requirement. 

3. PROJECT MONITORING & CONTROL

After completion of estimation & scheduling, next is the major part of the project management is the execution of the project. The proper monitoring & controlling while executing the project because it should done within the estimated qty & planned schedule. The Project monitoring & controlling system can be made by implementing DPR (Daily Progress Report) system. The DPR should covers the follows :

• Day progress measurement in LBD and total qty execution of day
• Consumption of materials like cement, electrical,plumbing materials.
• Manpower or Manday along with their workman ship (Example : if Brick work done, how many masons & helpers involved in the work qty of brick work done in how many hours of time.

Is it the work progress is as per the schedule, the future plans to complete the task and constraints or disturbances to complete the task as scheduled.

 

CONCLUSION

The motto of this article  is to guide fresher's and professionals in practical approach to understand site & project management.
 

Role of Site Engineer

Role of Construction Site Engineer depends on the type of work involved and experience of site engineer in a construction project. The duties and responsibilities of a construction site engineer are typically as follows, many of these will be delegated to other engineers on the site according to their experience and ability:

Setting out the works in accordance with the drawings and specificationLiaising with the project planning engineer regarding construction programmes

Checking materials and work in progress for compliance with the specified requirements

Observance of safety requirementsResolving technical issues with employer’s representatives, suppliers, subcontractors and statutory authoritiesQuality control in accordance with CSIs/procedures method statements, quality plans and inspection and test plans, all prepared by the project management team and by subcontractors

Liaising with company or project purchasing department to ensure that purchase orders adequately define the specified requirements

Supervising and counselling junior or trainee engineers

Measurement and valuation (in collaboration with the project quantity surveyor where appropriate)Providing data in respect of variation orders and site instructions

Project Management

ROLE OF PROJECT MANAGER

A Project manager is responsible for the one - time and on-budget completion of the development project and typically works directly for the owner. Before construction begins, the Project manager may be responsible for site selection and due diligence, securing the current zoning and entitlements, selecting contractors, and creating working schedule and budget . Once the project is underway, the Project manager is the owners representative on site, and it is their job to ensure the project is being built to the owners exact specifications. The focus will shift to scheduling contractors , processing change orders, and managing progress payments. In today's world, where it is important to be conscious of the environment, a project manager must understand the impact of building materials on the environment during the entire construction process including waste management. The project manager will also be required to submit reports to the owner with updates on the progress and costs of the project